RESUMO DA APRESENTAÇÃO PARA A SESSÃO ESPECIAL PELA CONVIDADA DO PAINEL: EMANUELA GUIDOBONI (THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING IN THE EARTHQUAKE-RESILIENCE OF CITIES)
Em pouco menos de 30 anos após a catástrofe de Lisboa, o centro e sul da Calábria foi abalado por cinco devastadores sismos entre os dias 2 de Fevereiro e 30 de Março de 1783, reduzindo a região, ao que ficou descrito pelos seus contemporâneos como um “monte de detritos”. A destruição estendeu-se até Messina (Sicília) na altura um importante polo comercial. Uma investigação Histórica em arquivos trouxe à luz do dia o conhecimento sobre as áreas afetadas pelos sismos, uma perspetiva dos seus efeitos nas cidades, vilas e no ambiente natural (deslizamento de terras, fissuras, liquefação, criação de lagos e alteração do curso de rios). Esta sequência de eventos sísmicos de elevada complexidade causou igualmente um tsunami no Estreito de Messina.
 |
LEGEND OF IMAGE: VISTA PANORÂMICA (GRAVURA COLORIDA COM O USO DA TÉCNICA “LANTERNA MÁGICA”) MOSTRANDO O MAR REVOLTO, OS BARCOS EM PERIGO NO ESTREITO DE MESSINA, PELO TERRAMOTO DE 1783. DE HISTÓRIA DE GEOLOGIA) HISTORY OF GEOLOGY
|
Centenas de réplicas sucederam-se nos quatro anos seguintes. Nos nossos dias este tipo de ocorrências teria um impacto devastador, dada a densidade demográfica e a fraca qualidade do edificado na atual Calábria. Toda a região é considerada de elevado risco sísmico. A experiência de 1755 (Lisboa) de Portugal despoletou em parte uma nova perspetiva para o projeto das novas habitações em 1784 (da Gaiola pombalina para a Casa Baraccata). As novas cidades Calabresas foram projetadas sob um plano de malha regular, com ruas largas e edifícios de baixa cércea, para melhorar a resistência sísmica.
Uma nova regulamentação para o edificado foi delineada pelo governo dos Bourbon, mas não implementada de seguida. Uma década depois em 1799, a oposição aos Bourbon que derrubou o governo, a debilidade institucional, o conflito político-social, fez com que o projeto antissísmico caísse no esquecimento. Uma espécie de amnesia caiu sobre a questão sísmica, pela qual gerações posteriores pagariam caro quando novos terramotos atingiram mais uma vez a região. Análises históricas desta relevante sequência sísmica envolvem aspetos científicos, de planeamento urbano e culturais deste desastre.
Emanuela Guidoboni, completed a Laurea in History, specialising in the Mediaeval, at the University of Bologna, taken to a Master’s in Archiving and Paleography. Since 1982 she has carried out research on historical earthquakes, defining specialised historical analyses for further scientific use of the data for seismology and geophysics. From 1983 to 2007, she was the President of and scientific head for the research society SGA (Storia Geofisica Ambiente srl), one of the most important producers of data on historical seismicity in Europe.
For the INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Vulcanologia) she planned and directed historical research on Italian earthquakes, which was then collected together in the Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy from the Ancient World to the 20th Century (and studies and databanks that have made thousands of new data available on the Italian seismicity (first release in 1995, last of 2007: Guidoboni et al., Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy from 461 BC. to 2000 and in the Mediterranean Area, from 760 BC to 1500, An Advanced Laboratory of Historical Seismology, http://storing.ingv.it/cfti4med. Emanuela Guidoboni published the Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area with G.Traina and A. Comastri (1994) and the Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Area - 11th to 15th Century with A. Comastri (2005).
These catalogues have made available the original sources and the evaluations of the effects of hundreds of earthquakes. Consultant for the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) for the north African countries and for the sub-Caucasian area, Emanuela revised the historical earthquake catalogues for the seismic hazard in Tunisia, Morocco and Armenia.
For the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, for the Seismic Risk Maps for the Monuments of Sicily and Calabria, she is responsible for seismic anamnesis of the monuments.
For the Department of Civil Protection (Italy) Emanuela Guidoboni is also involved in studies for volcanic eruptions (Vesuvius, Etna and Campi Flegrei) in the ancient and medieval periods up to the end of the 17th century, through analysing original historical sources and ancient treatises.
Moreover, she has analysed Italian and Mediterranean tsunamis, from ancient and medieval periods, on which Emanuela Guidoboni has published numerous scientific articles. She has also carried out activities as a visiting professor in various Italian universities (Venice, Florence, Bologna, Reggio Calabria), and in schools of specialisation in archaeology and restoration (Florence and Naples).
The success of the method adopted delineated a new scientific discipline of Historical Seismology, on which she published the first handbook with J. Ebel: Earthquakes and Tsunamis of the Past. A Guide to the Problems and Methods of Historical Seismology (2009, Cambridge University Press). In 2007-2011 she is Senior Researcher at the INGV, and is responsible for the Units of Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Climate: History and Archaeology.
On February 2011 Emanuela Guidoboni founded the Euro-Mediterranean Documentation Centre on Extreme Events and Disasters (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo di Documentazione EVENTI ESTREMI E DISASTRI), based in Spoleto (Italy), for the scientific, historical and cultural divulgation on great and medium destructive impacts of disasters end their humane and natural causes (www.centroeedis.it).
For the INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Vulcanologia) she planned and directed historical research on Italian earthquakes, which was then collected together in the Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy from the Ancient World to the 20th Century (and studies and databanks that have made thousands of new data available on the Italian seismicity (first release in 1995, last of 2007: Guidoboni et al., Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy from 461 BC. to 2000 and in the Mediterranean Area, from 760 BC to 1500, An Advanced Laboratory of Historical Seismology, http://storing.ingv.it/cfti4med. Emanuela Guidoboni published the Catalogue of Ancient Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area with G.Traina and A. Comastri (1994) and the Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Area - 11th to 15th Century with A. Comastri (2005).
 |
| EMANUELA GUIDOBONI |
For the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage, for the Seismic Risk Maps for the Monuments of Sicily and Calabria, she is responsible for seismic anamnesis of the monuments.
For the Department of Civil Protection (Italy) Emanuela Guidoboni is also involved in studies for volcanic eruptions (Vesuvius, Etna and Campi Flegrei) in the ancient and medieval periods up to the end of the 17th century, through analysing original historical sources and ancient treatises.
Moreover, she has analysed Italian and Mediterranean tsunamis, from ancient and medieval periods, on which Emanuela Guidoboni has published numerous scientific articles. She has also carried out activities as a visiting professor in various Italian universities (Venice, Florence, Bologna, Reggio Calabria), and in schools of specialisation in archaeology and restoration (Florence and Naples).
The success of the method adopted delineated a new scientific discipline of Historical Seismology, on which she published the first handbook with J. Ebel: Earthquakes and Tsunamis of the Past. A Guide to the Problems and Methods of Historical Seismology (2009, Cambridge University Press). In 2007-2011 she is Senior Researcher at the INGV, and is responsible for the Units of Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Climate: History and Archaeology.
On February 2011 Emanuela Guidoboni founded the Euro-Mediterranean Documentation Centre on Extreme Events and Disasters (Centro Euro-Mediterraneo di Documentazione EVENTI ESTREMI E DISASTRI), based in Spoleto (Italy), for the scientific, historical and cultural divulgation on great and medium destructive impacts of disasters end their humane and natural causes (www.centroeedis.it).
_-_Terremoto_di_Messina,_1908.jpg) |
| MESSINA 1908 (PICTURE COURTESY OF WIKIPEDIA) |
No hay comentarios:
Publicar un comentario